Isabel Maldonado holds a Ph.D. in Financial Economics and Accountancy from the University of Vigo, Spain, an MSc in Finance from the Portucalense University, Porto, and a degree in Management from Portucalense University. She is an Assistant Professor in the area of Accounting at Universidade Portucalense and a Visiting Adjunct Professor in the Accounting area at the School of Accounting and Business of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal.